Pāḷi Grammars
ES

Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 4 of 8

§322

Tathā dvande pāṇitūriyayoggasenaṅga-khuddajantuka-vividhaviruddha-visabhāgatthādīnañ ca

Likewise, in a copulative compound (dvanda) there is also [singular and neuter gender] of parts of beings (pāṇi-aṅga), musical instruments (tūriya-aṅga), parts of a vehicle (yogga-aṅga), parts of an army (senaṅga), small creatures (khuddajantuka), different enemies (vividhaviruddha), opposite meaning (visabhāgattha), etc. (ādi).

Text and translation

Read in the chapter →

322. 359. Tathā dvande pāṇitūriyayoggasenaṅga-khuddajantuka-vividhaviruddha-visabhāgatthādīnañ ca (700)

[Tathā + dvande + pāṇitūriyayoggasenaṅga-khuddajantuka-vividhaviruddha-visabhāgattha-ādīnaṃ + ca = 4 words]

Tathā dvande samāse pāṇitūriyayoggasenaṅga-khuddajantuka-vividhaviruddha-visabhāgattha icc evamādīnaṃ ekattaṃ hoti, napuṃsakaliṅgattañ ca.

Taṃ yathā? Cakkhu ca sotañ ca cakkhusotaṃ (Khu. i, 211); mukhañ ca nāsikā ca mukhanāsikaṃ; chavi ca maṃsañ ca lohitañ ca chavimaṃsalohitaṃ. Evaṃ pāṇyaṅgatthe.

Saṅkho ca paṇavo ca saṅkhapaṇavaṃ (D. i, 75); gītañ ca vāditañ ca gītavāditaṃ (D. i, 5); daddari ca ḍiṇḍimo ca daddariḍiṇḍimaṃ. Evaṃ tūriyaṅgatthe.

Phālo ca pācanañ ca phālapācanaṃ (S. i, 175; Khu. i, 291; SuttanipataA. 132); yugañ ca naṅgalañ ca yuganaṅgalaṃ (S. i, 175; Khu. i, 291; SuttanipataA. 132). Evaṃ yoggaṅgatthe.

Asi ca cammañ ca asicammaṃ (M. i, 121; A. ii, 82); dhanu ca kalāpo ca dhanukalāpaṃ (M. i, 121; A. ii, 82); hatthī ca asso ca hatthi-assaṃ; ratho ca pattiko ca rathapattikaṃ. Evaṃ senaṅgatthe.

Ḍaṃsā ca makasā ca ḍaṃsamakasaṃ, kuntho ca kipilliko ca kunthakipillikaṃ, kīṭo ca sarīsapo ca kīṭasarīsapaṃ. Evaṃ khuddajantukatthe.

Ahi ca nakulo ca ahinakulaṃ (DhA. i, 32); biḷāro ca mūsiko ca biḷāramūsikaṃ; kāko ca ulūko ca kākolūkaṃ (DhA. i, 32). Evaṃ vividhaviruddhatthe.

Sīlañ ca paññāṇañ ca sīlapaññāṇaṃ (A. ii, 26); samatho ca vipassanā ca samathavipassanaṃ (AbhA. i, 240); vijjā ca caraṇañ ca vijjācaraṇaṃ (A. ii, 2). Evaṃ visabhāgatthe.

Ādiggahaṇaṃ kimatthaṃ? Dāsī ca dāso ca dāsidāsaṃ (D. i, 5; M. ii, 366; Khu. vii, 37); itthī ca pumā ca itthipumaṃ; patto ca cīvarañ ca pattacīvaraṃ (Vin. i, 11; iii, 130); chattañ ca upāhanā ca chattupāhanaṃ (Vin. ii, 451; DhA. i, 241); tikañ ca catukkañ ca tikacatukkaṃ; veno ca rathakāro ca venarathakāraṃ; sākuṇiko ca māgaviko ca sākuṇikamāgavikaṃ; dīgho ca majjhimo ca dīghamajjhimaṃ icc evamādi.

Likewise, in a copulative compound (dvanda) there is also [singular and neuter gender] of parts of beings (pāṇi-aṅga), musical instruments (tūriya-aṅga), parts of a vehicle (yogga-aṅga), parts of an army (senaṅga), small creatures (khuddajantuka), different enemies (vividhaviruddha), opposite meaning (visabhāgattha), etc. (ādi).
Likewise, in a copulative compound there is singular and neuter gender of parts of beings, musical instruments, parts of a vehicle, parts of an army, small creatures, different enemies and opposite meaning, etc.

As what?

Examples
  1. Cakkhu ca sotañ ca cakkhusotaṃ (eye and ear).
  2. Mukhañ ca nāsikā ca mukhanāsikaṃ (mouth and nose).
  3. Chavi ca maṃsañ ca lohitañ ca chavimaṃsalohitaṃ (skin, flesh and blood).

Thus in the meaning of parts of beings.

  1. Saṅkho ca paṇavo ca saṅkhapaṇavaṃ (conch and small drum).
  2. Gītañ ca vāditañ ca gītavāditaṃ (singing and playing).
  3. Daddari ca ḍiṇḍimo ca daddariḍiṇḍimaṃ (drums).

Thus in the meaning of musical instruments.

  1. Phālo ca pācanañ ca phālapācanaṃ (ploughshare and goad).
  2. Yugañ ca naṅgalañ ca yuganaṅgalaṃ (yoke and plough).

Thus in the meaning of parts of a vehicle.

  1. Asi ca cammañ ca asicammaṃ (sword and shield).
  2. Dhanu ca kalāpo ca dhanukalāpaṃ (bow and quiver).
  3. Hatthī ca asso ca hatthi-assaṃ (elephant and horse).
  4. Ratho ca pattiko ca rathapattikaṃ (chariot and soldier).

Thus in the meaning of parts of an army.

  1. Daṃsā ca makasā ca daṃsamakasaṃ (fly and mosquito).
  2. Kuntho ca kipilliko ca kunthakipillikaṃ (ant and white ant).
  3. Kīṭo ca sarīsapo ca kīṭasarīsapaṃ (moth and snake).

Thus in the meaning of small creatures.

  1. Ahi ca nakulo ca ahinakulaṃ (snake and mongoose).
  2. Biḷāro ca mūsiko ca biḷāramūsikaṃ (cat and mouse).
  3. Kāko ca ulūko ca kākolūkaṃ (crow and owl).

Thus in the meaning of different enemies.

  1. Sīlañ ca paññāṇañ ca sīlapaññāṇaṃ (virtue and wisdom).
  2. Samatho ca vipassanā ca samathavipassanaṃ (tranquility and insight).
  3. Vijjā ca caraṇañ ca vijjācaraṇaṃ (vision and conduct).

Thus in the meaning of opposites.

What is the purpose of taking “ādi” (etcetera)? To include the following: Dāsī ca dāso ca dāsidāsaṃ (female and male slave); itthī ca pumā ca itthipumaṃ (female and male); patto ca cīvarañ ca pattacīvaraṃ (bowl and robe); chattañ ca upāhanā ca chattupāhanaṃ (umbrella and sandals); tikañ ca catukkañ ca tikacatukkaṃ (triad and quartet); veno ca rathakāro ca venarathakāraṃ (bamboo weaver and chariot maker); sākuṇiko ca māgaviko ca sākuṇikamāgavikaṃ (fowler and hunter); dīgho ca majjhimo ca dīghamajjhimaṃ (long and middle), etc.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

Drafts

Ask about §322

Questions are asked from the analysis following Visuddhāyuṃ (draft): the answer uses this sutta's row and the project's sources. It is for enrolled students and requires signing in.

Ask about §322 →

Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.