Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 3 of 8

§313

Kāla-bhāvesu ca

Also in time and state.

Text and translation

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313. 327. Kāla-bhāvesu ca (644)

[Kāla-bhāvesu + ca = 2 words]

Kāla-bhāvesu ca kattari payujjamāne sattamīvibhatti hoti.

Pubbaṇhasamaye gato; sāyanhasamaye āgato. Bhikkhūsu bhojīyamānesu gato; (bhikkhūsu) bhuttesu āgato. Gosu duyhamānesu gato; (gosu) duddhāsu āgato.

Also in time and state.
When the agent is employed in time (kāla) and in state (bhāva), there is also the seventh inflection.
  1. Pubbaṇhasamaye gato ([he] went in the early morning); sāyanhasamaye āgato ([he] came back in the evening).
  2. Bhikkhūsu bhojīyamānesu gato (when the bhikkhus were being fed, [he] went); (bhikkhūsu) bhuttesu āgato (when the bhikkhus had eaten, [he] came back).
  3. Gosu duyhamānesu gato (when the cows were being milked, [he] went); (gosu) duddhāsu āgato (when the cows had been milked, [he] came back).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.