Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§234

Imass’ i thaṃ-dāni-ha-to-dhesu ca

And when ‘thaṃ’, ‘dāni’, ‘ha’, ‘to’ and ‘dha’ follow, [there is] ‘i’ of “ima”.

Text and translation

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234. 265. Imass’ i thaṃ-dāni-ha-to-dhesu ca (463)

[Imassa + i + thaṃ-dāni-ha-to-dhesu + ca = 4 words]

Imasaddassa sabbass’ eva ikāro hoti thaṃ dāni ha to dha icc etesu.

Itthaṃ, idāni, iha, ito, idha.

And when ‘thaṃ’, ‘dāni’, ‘ha’, ‘to’ and ‘dha’ follow, [there is] ‘i’ of “ima”.
When ‘thaṃ’, ‘dāni’, ‘ha’, ‘to’ and ‘dha’ follow, the whole word “ima” becomes ‘i’.
Examples
  1. Itthaṃ = ima + thaṃ (“ima” is substituted by ‘i’ (§234); ‘t’ is doubled (§28)).
  2. Idāni = ima + dāni (“ima” is substituted by ‘i’ (§234)).
  3. Iha = ima + ha (“ima” is substituted by ‘i’ (§234)).
  4. Ito = ima + to (“ima” is substituted by ‘i’ (§234)).
  5. Idha = ima + dha (“ima” is substituted by ‘i’ (§234)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.