Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§233

E to-thesu ca

And when ‘to’ and ‘tha’ follow, [there is] ‘e’.

Text and translation

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233. 264. E to-thesu ca

[E + to-thesu + ca = 3 words]

Sabbassa etasaddassa ekāro hoti vā to tha icc etesu.

Etto, ato; ettha, attha.

And when ‘to’ and ‘tha’ follow, [there is] ‘e’.
Optionally, when ‘to’ and ‘tha’ follow, the whole word “eta” becomes ‘e’.
Examples
  1. Etto = eta + to (“eta” is substituted by ‘e’ (§233); ‘t’ is doubled (§28)).
  2. Ettha = eta + tha (“eta” is substituted by ‘e’ (§233); ‘t’ is doubled (§28)).
  3. Ato = eta + to (“eta” is substituted by ‘a’ (§231)).
  4. Attha = eta + tha (“eta” is substituted by ‘a’ (§231); ‘t’ is doubled (§28)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.