Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§228

Ku hiṃ-haṃsu ca

And, when ‘hiṃ’ and ‘haṃ’ follow, [there is] “ku”.

Text and translation

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228. 272. Ku hiṃ-haṃsu ca (460)

[Ku + hiṃ-haṃsu + ca = 3 words]

Kim icc etassa ku hoti hiṃ haṃ icc etesu ca.

Kuhiṃ gacchasi, kuhaṃ gacchasi.

Caggahaṇena hiñcanaṃ-dācanaṃpaccayesu paresu aññatthāpi ku hoti. Kuhiñcanaṃ, kudācanaṃ.

And, when ‘hiṃ’ and ‘haṃ’ follow, [there is] “ku”.
And when ‘hiṃ’ and ‘haṃ’ follow, “kiṃ” becomes “ku”.
Examples
  1. Kuhiṃ gacchasi, kuhaṃ gacchasi (where are you going?):
    • Kuhiṃ = kiṃ + hiṃ (“kiṃ” is substituted by “ku” (§228)).
    • Kuhaṃ = kiṃ + haṃ (“kiṃ” is substituted by “ku” (§228)).

By taking “ca”, when the suffixes ‘hiñcanaṃ’ and ‘dācanaṃ’ follow, there is “ku” in other places too.

Examples
  1. Kuhiñcanaṃ = kiṃ + hiñcanaṃ (“kiṃ” is substituted by “ku” (“ca” of §228)).
  2. Kudācanaṃ = kiṃ + dācanaṃ (“kiṃ” is substituted by “ku” (“ca” of §228)).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

Drafts

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.