Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 2 of 8

§188

Brahm’-atta-sakha-rājādito am ānaṃ

‘Aṃ’ of “brahma”, “atta”, “sakha”, “rāja”, etc., [becomes] ‘ānaṃ’.

Text and translation

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188. 115. Brahm’-atta-sakha-rājādito am ānaṃ (393)

[Brahma-atta-sakha-rāja-ādito + aṃ + ānaṃ = 3 words]

Brahma atta sakha rāja icc evamādito aṃvacanassa ānaṃ hoti vā.

Brahmānaṃ, brahmaṃ; attānaṃ, attaṃ; sakhānaṃ, sakhaṃ; rājānaṃ, rājaṃ.

Am iti kimatthaṃ? Rājā.

‘Aṃ’ of “brahma”, “atta”, “sakha”, “rāja”, etc., [becomes] ‘ānaṃ’.
Optionally, after “brahma”, “atta”, “sakha”, “rāja”, etc., the inflection ‘aṃ’ becomes ‘ānaṃ’.
Examples
  1. Brahmānaṃ = brahma + aṃ (‘aṃ’ is substituted by ‘ānaṃ’ (§188); ‘a’ of “brahma” is elided (§83)).
  2. Brahmaṃ = brahma + aṃ (‘a’ of “brahma” is elided (§83)).
  3. Attānaṃ = atta + aṃ (‘aṃ’ is substituted by ‘ānaṃ’ (§188); ‘a’ of “atta” is elided (§83)).
  4. Attaṃ = atta + aṃ (‘a’ of “atta” is elided (§83)).
  5. Sakhānaṃ = sakha + aṃ (‘aṃ’ is substituted by ‘ānaṃ’ (§188); ‘a’ of “sakha” is elided (§83)).
  6. Sakhaṃ = sakha + aṃ (‘a’ of “sakha” is elided (§83)).
  7. Rājānaṃ = rāja + aṃ (‘aṃ’ is substituted by ‘ānaṃ’ (§188); ‘a’ of “rāja” is elided (§83)).
  8. Rājaṃ = rāja + aṃ (‘a’ of “rāja” is elided (§83)).

What is the purpose of saying ‘aṃ’? [This sutta does not apply when ‘aṃ’ does not follow, such as in:] rājā.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.