Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 1 of 8

§6

Sesā byañjanā

The remaining are consonants.

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6. 8. Sesā byañjanā (6)

[Sesā + byañjanā = 2 words]

Ṭhapetvā aṭṭha sare sesā akkharā (letters) kakārādayo niggahitantā byañjanā (consonants) nāma honti.

Taṃ yathā? ka kha ga gha ṅa; ca cha ja jha ña; ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa; ta tha da dha na; pa pha ba bha ma; ya ra la va sa ha ḷa aṃ. Iti byañjanā nāma.

Tena kvattho? Sarā pakati (original form) byañjane.

The remaining are consonants.
Apart from the eight vowels, the remaining letters beginning with ‘ka’ and ending with the niggahita (ṃ) are called “consonants”.
Which are these? ka kha ga gha ṅa; ca cha ja jha ña; ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa; ta tha da dha na; pa pha ba bha ma; ya ra la va sa ha ḷa aṃ. These are called “consonants”.
What is the benefit of that [calling them “consonants”]? [It is beneficial in suttas such as] “Sarā pakati byañjane” (§23).

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.