Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 6 of 8

§411

Tumhe majjhimo

When “tumha” (you) [is used or not used], [there is] the second person.

Text and translation

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411. 436. Tumhe majjhimo (870)

[Tumhe + majjhimo = 2 words]

Tumhe payujjamāne pi appayujjamāne pi tulyādhikaraṇe majjhimapuriso hoti.

Tvaṃ yāsi, tumhe yātha.

Appayujjamāne pi: Yāsi, yātha.

Tulyādhikaraṇe ti kimatthaṃ? Tayā paccate odano.

When “tumha” (you) [is used or not used], [there is] the second person.
When “tumha” (you) is used or not used with the same locus, there is the second person.
Examples
  1. Tvaṃ yāsi (you go), tumhe yātha (you go).

Also when it is not used:

  1. Yāsi ([you] go), yātha ([you] go).

What is the purpose of saying “tulyādhikaraṇe” (that has the same locus)? To prevent the operation of this rule when there is not the same locus, as in the following example: Tayā paccate odano (the rice is cooked by you).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.