Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 6 of 8

§409

Sabbesam ekābhidhāne paro puriso

When all [persons] are mentioned together, the latter person [should be taken].

Text and translation

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409. 441. Sabbesam ekābhidhāne paro puriso (868)

[Sabbesaṃ + eka-abhidhāne + paro + puriso = 4 words]

Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhama-majjhim’-uttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo.

So ca paṭhati, tvañ ca paṭhasi, tumhe paṭhatha. So ca pacati, tvañ ca pacasi, tumhe pacatha.

Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.

When all [persons] are mentioned together, the latter person [should be taken].
Where all three –third person, second person and first person– are mentioned together, the latter person should be taken.
Examples
  1. So ca paṭhati, tvañ ca paṭhasi (he reads and you read): when both persons are combined, tumhe paṭhatha (you read).
  2. So ca pacati, tvañ ca pacasi (he cooks and you cook): when both persons are combined, tumhe pacatha (you cook).

Thus in the remaining inflections the latter person should be employed.

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.