Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 5 of 8

§353

Jātādīnam im’-iyā ca

And [there are] ‘ima’ and ‘iya’ in [the meaning] of “jāta” (born), etc.

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353. 378. Jātādīnam im’-iyā ca (767)

[Jāta-ādīnaṃ + ima-iyā + ca = 3 words]

Jāta icc evamādīnam atthe ima-iyapaccayā honti.

Pacchā jāto pacchimo (D. i, 225). Evaṃ antimo (Khu. iv, 4), majjhimo (D. i, 225), purimo (D. i, 225), uparimo (Khu. iv, 4), heṭṭhimo (Khu. ix, 120), gopphimo (VinA. ii, 202), bodhisattajātiyā jāto bodhisattajātiyo. Evaṃ assajātiyo, hatthijātiyo, manussajātiyo.

Ādiggahaṇena niyuttatthādito pi tadassatthādito pi ima iya ika icc ete paccayā honti. Ante niyutto antimo. Evaṃ antiyo, antiko.

Putto assa atthi, tasmiṃ vā vijjatī ti puttimo. Evaṃ puttiyo, puttiko; kappimo, kappiyo (Khu. vii, 261), kappiko.

Caggahaṇena kiyapaccayo hoti niyuttatthe. Jātiyaṃ niyutto jātikiyo, andhe niyutto andhakiyo, jātiyā andho jaccandho (D. ii, 262), jaccandhe niyutto jaccandhakiyo.

And [there are] ‘ima’ and ‘iya’ in [the meaning] of “jāta” (born), etc.
In the meaning of “jāta” (born), etc., there are the suffixes ‘ima’ and ‘iya’.
  1. Pacchā jāto: pacchimo (born after: last).

Likewise:

  1. Ante jāto: antimo (born at the end: last).
  2. Majjhe jāto: majjhimo (born in the middle: middle).
  3. Pure jāto: purimo (born before: first).
  4. Upari jāto: uparimo (born above).
  5. Heṭṭhā jāto: heṭṭhimo (born below).
  6. Gupphe jāto: gopphimo (born at the ankle).
  7. Bodhisattajātiyā jāto: bodhisattajātiyo (born in the lineage of the Bodhisattas). Likewise: assajātiyā jāto: assajātiyo (born in the species of horses), hatthijātiyā jāto: hatthijātiyo (born in the species of elephants), manussajātiyā jāto: manussajātiyo (born in the human species).

By taking ‘ādi’, also after [words with] the meaning of “occupied in” (niyutta) and others, and after [words with] the meaning of “there is this of him” (tad assa) and others, there are the suffixes ‘ima’, ‘iya’ and ‘ika’.

  1. Ante niyutto antimo (occupied at the end). Likewise: antiyo, antiko.
  2. Putto assa atthi, tasmiṃ vā vijjatī ti puttimo (there is a son of him, or [a son] exists in him: one who has sons). Likewise: puttiyo, puttiko; kappo assa atthi, tasmiṃ vā vijjatī ti kappimo, kappiyo, kappiko (there is a thought of him, or [a thought] exists in him: one who has thoughts).

By taking “ca”, there is the suffix ‘kiya’ in the meaning of “occupied in”.

  1. Jātiyaṃ niyutto: jātikiyo (occupied in birth).
  2. Andhe niyutto: andhakiyo (occupied in blindness).
  3. Jātiyā andho: jaccandho (blind from birth).
  4. Jaccandhe niyutto: jaccandhakiyo (occupied in the [state of one] blind from birth).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.