Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 4 of 8

§319

Upasagga-nipātapubbako abyayībhāvo

That which has a prefix or a particle in front is an “abyayībhāva” (adverbial compound).

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319. 330. Upasagga-nipātapubbako abyayībhāvo (696)

[Upasagga-nipātapubbako + abyayībhāvo = 2 words]

Upasagga-nipātapubbako samāso abyayībhāvasañño hoti.

Nagarassa samīpe pavattati kathā iti upanagaraṃ; darathānaṃ abhāvo niddarathaṃ; makasānaṃ abhāvo nimmakasaṃ; vuḍḍhānaṃ paṭipāṭi yathāvuḍḍhaṃ (VinA. i, 10); ye ye vuḍḍhā vā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ (VinA. i, 10); jīvassa yattako paricchedo yāvajīvaṃ (Vin. i, 27; iii, 63); cittam adhikicca pavattanti te dhammā ti adhicittaṃ (Vin. iii, 278; A. i, 232); pabbatassa tiro tiropabbataṃ (D. i, 73; M. i, 41; A. i, 170); sotassa pati pavattati nāvā iti patisotaṃ; pāsādassa anto antopāsādaṃ.

Abyayībhāvam icc anena kvattho? Aṃvibhattīnam akārantā abyayībhāvā.

That which has a prefix or a particle in front is an “abyayībhāva” (adverbial compound).
The compound that has a prefix or a particle in front has the name “abyayībhāva” (adverbial compound).
Examples
  1. Nagarassa samīpe pavattati kathā iti upanagaraṃ (the talk that arises near the city).
  2. Darathānaṃ abhāvo niddarathaṃ (absence of distress).
  3. Makasānaṃ abhāvo nimmakasaṃ (absence of mosquitoes).
  4. Vuḍḍhānaṃ paṭipāṭi yathāvuḍḍhaṃ (following the order of the older ones, according to seniority).
  5. Ye ye vuḍḍhā vā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ (or whoever are the older ones, [according to them]).
  6. Jīvassa yattako paricchedo yāvajīvaṃ (as far as life goes).
  7. Cittam adhikicca pavattanti te dhammā ti adhicittaṃ (those states that exist referring to the mind).
  8. Pabbatassa tiro tiropabbataṃ (across the mountain).
  9. Sotassa pati pavattati nāvā iti patisotaṃ (the ship that goes against the current).
  10. Pāsādassa anto antopāsādaṃ (inside the mansion).

What is the use of the name “abyayībhāva” (adverbial compound)? For the use of the name “abyayībhāva” in the sutta “Aṃvibhattīnam akārantā abyayībhāvā” (§341). After an adverbial compound that ends in ‘a’, the inflections become ‘aṃ’.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.