Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 6 of 8

§478

Akāro dīghaṃ hi-mi-mesu

When ‘hi’, ‘mi’ and ‘ma’ follow, the letter ‘a’ [becomes] long.

Text and translation

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478. 438. Akāro dīghaṃ hi-mi-mesu (959)

[Akāro + dīghaṃ + hi-mi-mesu = 3 words]

Akāro dīgham āpajjate hi mi ma icc etesu vibhattīsu.

Gacchāhi (VinA. i, 68), gacchāmi (Khu. v, 324), gacchāma (Khu. iii, 28), gacchāmhe.

Mikāraggahaṇena hivibhattimhi akāro kvaci na dīgham āpajjate. Gacchahi.

When ‘hi’, ‘mi’ and ‘ma’ follow, the letter ‘a’ [becomes] long.
When the inflections ‘hi’, ‘mi’ and ‘ma’ follow, the letter ‘a’ becomes long.
Examples
  1. Gacchāhi (you go), gacchāmi (I go), gacchāma, gacchāmhe (we go).

By taking the letter ‘mi’, when there is the inflection ‘hi’, sometimes the letter ‘a’ does not become long:

  1. Gacchahi (you go).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

Where it is cited

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.