Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 6 of 8

§477

Vacass’ ajjatanimhi-m-akāro o

When “ajjatanī” follows, the ‘a’ of “vaca” [becomes] ‘o’.

Text and translation

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477. 479. Vacass’ ajjatanimhi-m-akāro o (958)

[Vacassa + ajjatanimhi + akāro + o = 4 words]

Vaca icc etassa dhātussa akāro ottam āpajjate ajjatanimhi vibhattimhi.

Avoca (M. i, 17), avocuṃ (M. i, 118).

Ajjatanimhī ti kimatthaṃ? Avaca (M. i, 183), avacū.

When “ajjatanī” follows, the ‘a’ of “vaca” [becomes] ‘o’.
When the inflection “ajjatanī” follows, the ‘a’ of the root “vaca” changes to the state of ‘o’.
Examples
  1. Avoca ([he] said), avocuṃ ([they] said).

What is the purpose of saying “ajjatanī”? To prevent the operation of this rule when there is not the “ajjatanī” such as in the following examples: avaca ([he] said), avacū ([they] said).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.