Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 6 of 8
Īy’ ūpamānā ca
Also [there is] ‘īya’ in comparison.
- Kaccāyana 436
- Rūpasiddhi 537
- Saddanīti 912
- Ākhyāta-Kappa · Dutiya-Kaṇḍa
Text and translation
Read in the chapter →436. 537. Īy’ ūpamānā ca (912)
Nāmato upamānā ācāratthe ca īyapaccayo hoti.
Achattaṃ chattam iva ācarati = chattīyati. Aputtaṃ puttam iva ācarati = puttīyati.
Upamānā ti kimatthaṃ? Dhammaṃ ācarati.
Ācāre ti kimatthaṃ? Achattaṃ chattam iva rakkhati. Evaṃ aññe pi yojetabbā.
- Achattaṃ chattam iva ācarati = chattīyati (treats what is not an umbrella like an umbrella).
- Aputtaṃ puttam iva ācarati = puttīyati (treats someone who is not a son like a son).
What is the purpose of saying “upamāna” (comparison)? To prevent the operation of this rule when there is no comparison such as in the following example: Dhammaṃ ācarati (practices the Dhamma).
What is the purpose of saying “ācāra” (behaviour)? To prevent the operation of this rule when there is not [a verb signifying] behaviour such as in the following example: achattaṃ chattam iva rakkhati (protects what is not an umbrella like an umbrella).
Thus also others should be formed.
Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.
Drafts
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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.