Pāḷi Grammars
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Kaccāyana-Byākaraṇaṃ · chapter 4 of 8

§331

Itthiyaṃ bhāsitapum’-itthī pumā ’va ce

In the feminine, if a feminine indicated masculine, [it should be regarded] as masculine.

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331. 353. Itthiyaṃ bhāsitapum’-itthī pumā ’va ce (714-5)

[Itthiyaṃ + bhāsita-puma-itthī + pumā + iva + ce = 5 words]

Itthiyaṃ tulyādhikaraṇe pade ce bhāsitapumitthī pumā ’va daṭṭhabbā.

Dīghā jaṅghā yassa so ’yaṃ dīghajaṅgho; kalyāṇabhariyo; pahūtapañño.

Bhāsitapumeti kimatthaṃ? Brāhmaṇabandhu ca sā bhariyā cā ti brāhmaṇabandhubhariyā.

In the feminine, if a feminine indicated masculine, [it should be regarded] as masculine.
When there is a word that has the same locus in the feminine, if it is a feminine that indicated masculine [in the past], it should be regarded as masculine.
  1. Dīghā jaṅghā yassa so ’yaṃ dīghajaṅgho (the legs of that [man] are long; he is “dīghajaṅgho” [one who has long legs]).
  2. Kalyāṇā bhariyā yassa so ’yaṃ kalyāṇabhariyo ([one who has] a good wife).
  3. Pahūtā paññā yassa so ’yaṃ pahūtapañño ([one who has] much wisdom).

What is the purpose of saying “bhāsitapuma” (that indicated masculine)? To prevent the operation of this rule when it did not indicate masculine in the past: Brāhmaṇabandhu ca sā bhariyā cā ti brāhmaṇabandhubhariyā (a relative of the brahmin and she is a wife, so [she is called] a wife that is a relative of a brahmin).

Without the footnotes: they are on the chapter card.

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Pāḷi text and English translation by Bhikkhu Nandisena; edition, apparatus and glossary by the Instituto de Estudios Buddhistas Hispano (IEBH). This material may be reproduced for personal use and distributed free of charge. Copyright © 2026 IEBH. Published under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21948010.